There are studies that suggest that “a low intake of healthy foods is the more important factor, rather than the high intake of unhealthy foods”, if that is what you search for.
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/03/health/diet-global-deaths-study/index.html
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2819%2930041-8/fulltext
What a great question. But it’ll probably depend on the type of vegetable. The classic divide is starchy vs non starchy, but other variables are fibre, colour & nutrients.
Like 99.9% of the people in the world, I don’t have an answer.