As you said, a person may not get enough minerals due to poor diet. This means not eating enough vegetable, fruit, legumes, dairy products… And eating a lot of processed food - like ready to eat products, instant meals - simply dishes that lack vitamins and minerals.
With balanced diet you get enough of minerals (of course, if there’s no health condition - in this case, consult your eating habits with a dietitian) and there’s no need to look for some “super foods°.
Fruits, vegetables and all other plant-based foods have strict legislation. Fertilization and other corporate methods (not sure what you mean) do not affect the vitamin and mineral content too much; plants still contain plenty of them, even the ones from supermarket, and it’s perfectly safe to eat them (applies to EU).