I’m curious about the nutritional differences between instant and traditional forms of oatmeal like steel cut and rolled oats.
Gram for gram they will all have pretty much the same macro nutrient profile. The main difference is in the amount of processing they each have, and how this translates into their digestibility:
Source for glycemic indexes: https://glycemicindex.com/
There is basically none. Steel cut oats are the whole grain hulled and cut into pieces. Rolled oats (and derivates: quick oats, instant oats, etc) are just hulled oats that have been steamed and rolled and then cut into pieces of varying size. The only difference is your personal choice of texture
The major difference is instant oats may have a bit more sugar in to make them flavoured whereas your traditional oats are likely just the oats themselves.
The actual oats themselves are cut to different sizes which is one of the primary reasons instant oats are instant. They’re finely chopped. Traditional oats are thicker meaning they take slightly longer to cook.