Questions about insulin, insulin secretion, coffee, and caffeine.

So, I’m trying to make sure I understand the science of things. I see a lot of talk in medical articles about insulin secretion, and how folks with Type 2 diabetes need to “enhance” insulin secretion.

I then read that unsweetened cacao and black coffee have helpful flavonoids that “enhance” insulin secretion. I read that caffeine can increase insulin.

But then here, everyone says that black coffee doesn’t cause insulin spikes, which is good, because we want lower insulin.

Those things seem incongruous to each other, which makes me think that I don’t understand it well enough. If we want lower insulin, why do we want to ingest things that enhance insulin secretion?

What am I missing? Am I not understanding what “insulin secretion” means?

So I hope a smarter person will tell me how this all works together. I’ve been drinking brewed cacao, and doctors love it for diabetics, but what’s it doing to me?

Thanks.