Sorry this doesn’t answer your question but I’ve heard that taking vitamin D at night can disrupt your circadian rhythm. Just thought you might appreciate if you’re trying to calculate vitamin consumption.
Optimal time may differ with specific vitamins and minerals, but generally in the morning with breakfast is best from what I have read. Not after eating, but during, so your body absorbs it with the meal itself.
Edit: Wording
The studies I’ve read indicate that it doesn’t matter that much, timing supplements provides a very marginal benefit.
Focus on a healthy diet, quality exercise, and then use whatever supplements you need as a.. supplement.
The absorption of fat-soluble vitamins happens during digestion. Therefore, it is best to have some type of fat in your gut at that rough point in time for them to get absorbed optimally. Blood-fats don’t play a role in this. You’re basically mimicking the mechanism that is naturally present in fat-soluble vitamins, which is them always coming in a fatty food.